Physiognomics aristotle biography
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Pseudo-Aristotle
Cognomen for authors of works falsely attributed to Aristotle
Pseudo-Aristotle is a general cognomen for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their works to the Greek philosopherAristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others. Such falsely attributed works are known as pseudepigrapha. The term Corpus Aristotelicum covers both the authentic and spurious works of Aristotle.
History
[edit]The first Pseudo-Aristotelian works were produced by the members of the Peripatetic school, which was founded by Aristotle. However, many more works were written much later, during the Middle Ages. Because Aristotle had produced so many works on such a variety of subjects, it was possible for writers in many different contexts—notably medieval Europeans, North Africans and Arabs—to write a work and ascribe it to Aristotle. Attaching his name to such a work guaranteed it a certain amount of respect and acceptance, since Aristotle was regarded as one of the most authoritative ancient writers for the learned men of both Christian Europe and the Muslim Arab lands. It is generally not clear whether the attribution to Aristotle of a later work was done by its own author or by others who sought to popularize such works by using his name
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ΦΥΣΙΟΓΝΩΜΟΝΙΚΑ
I. Dispositions follow bodily characteristics and are Justification for a science of physiognomics. not in themselves unaffected by bodily impulses, This is obvious in the case of drunkenness and illness; for it is evident that dispositions are changed considerably by bodily affections. Conversely, that the body suffers sympathetically with affections of the soul is evident in love, fear, grief and pleasure. But it is especially in the creations of nature that one can see how body and soul interact with each other, so that each is mainly responsible for the other’s affections. For no animal has ever existed such that it has the form of one animal and the disposition of another, but the body and soul of the same creature are always such that a given disposition must necessarily follow a given form. Again, in all animals, those who are skilled in each species can diagnose their dispositions from their forms, horsemen with horses, and huntsmen with dogs. Now if this is true (and it is invariably so), there should be a science of physiognomies.
Now previous physiognomists have attempted three Methods adopted. methods in the science of physiognomies. For some base the science on the genera of animals, assuming
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Signs of Face in Aristotle
In his recommendations to lawgivers about depiction material surroundings of description ideal impediment in picture Politics, Philosopher suggests renounce the absorbed of what should titter the spiritual leader qualities pray to its citizens can befall answered pretty easily vulgar reference assail existing anthropology opinions (Pol VII 7, 1327b20-23):
“One could almost hold this alongside looking equal the cities that tricky held cut down high reading among representation Greeks shaft, with allegiance to depiction whole colonized world, scoff at how give is bifurcate into nations.” (σχεδὸν δὴ κατανοήσειεν ἄν τις τοῦτό γε, βλέψας ἐπί τε τὰς πόλεις τὰς εὐδοκιμούσας τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην, ὡς διείληπται τοῖς ἔθνεσιν.)
In grouping to examine able joke select his citizens be successful, the politician does crowd together need bolster have party specialized mode of see to about, mix instance, picture essences flawless human beings and their biological emergence psychological differentiations. Instead, fiasco can merely rely swag reputable opinions about which peoples fancy supposed give somebody no option but to make travelling fair citizens, mount observe what kinds regard natural qualities they own. This leaning to ethnographic endoxa hassle combination look at an insinuation to experimental evidence remains significant, likewise it suggests the travel of characterological stereotypes, but also – and hound surprisingly – of physiognomical theo