Josiah willard gibbs accomplishments of president

Beinecke Rare Game park and Ms Library, Philanthropist University

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Beinecke Rare Unspoiled and Copy Library, University University

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Beinecke Rare Game park and Holograph Library, Altruist University

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Beinecke Rare Exact and Autograph Library, University University

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Ed Hoop

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Ed Hoop

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Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839–1903)

Abstract

ON February 11 the centenary occurs of the birth of the distinguished American physicist, Josiah Willard Gibbs. Born at New Haven, he was the son of Josiah Gibbs (1790–1861), professor of sacred literature in Yale Divinity School. He entered Yale College in 1854 and graduated four years later; he continued his studies there until appointed a tutor in 1863. The years 1866–68 he spent in Paris, Berlin and Heidelberg. In 1871, he was appointed to the chair of mathematical physics in Yale College, and this appointment he held until his death, which occurred at New Haven on April 28, 1903. Gibbs' first contributions to mathematical physics were two papers on thermodynamical problems published in 1873. These papers were followed by his memoirs.“On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances” published in two parts in 1876 and 1878. This was translated into German by Ostwald and into French by H. le Chatelier. He also investigated certain problems in connexion with the electromagnetic theory of light and other subjects. He was a foreign member of the Royal Society, and in 1901 received the Copley Medal. He was also a corresponding member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. At the anniversary meeting of the Royal Society when the award was a

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Josiah Willard Gibbs

American scientist (1839–1903)

For the American linguist and theologian, see Josiah Willard Gibbs, Sr. For the United States Navy ship, see USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs (T-AGOR-1).

Josiah Willard Gibbs (;^[2] February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous deductive science. Together with James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, he created statistical mechanics (a term that he coined), explaining the laws of thermodynamics as consequences of the statistical properties of ensembles of the possible states of a physical system composed of many particles. Gibbs also worked on the application of Maxwell's equations to problems in physical optics. As a mathematician, he created modern vector calculus (independently of the British scientist Oliver Heaviside, who carried out similar work during the same period) and described the Gibbs phenomenon in the theory of Fourier analysis.

In 1863, Yale University awarded Gibbs the first American doctorate in engineering. After a three-year sojourn in Europe, Gibbs spent the rest of his career at